The emergence and expansion of supermarkets in Africa, Asia, and Latin America represent a profound shift in global food retail systems, driven by urbanization, rising incomes, and changes in consumer preferences. This paper investigates the dynamics of supermarket growth in these regions, focusing on its implications for traditional markets, smallholder farmers, and local economies. While supermarkets offer potential benefits such as enhanced food safety, lower consumer prices, and improved access to diverse products, their rise also poses challenges, including marginalization of traditional retailers, difficulties for small-scale producers in meeting quality and volume demands, and risks of homogenized food cultures. By comparing the trajectories and impacts of supermarket growth across the three regions, the study identifies patterns of convergence and divergence. The paper concludes with strategies for fostering inclusive growth, promoting equitable access, and mitigating environmental and social risks in the context of rapid retail transformation.