The rapid expansion of supermarkets across Latin America over the past few decades has transformed the region's food retail sector, significantly influencing food systems, agricultural supply chains, and consumer behavior. This paper explores the factors driving the supermarket boom, including urbanization, income growth, and globalization, alongside the technological and logistical innovations facilitating this growth. The study examines the challenges posed by this shift, such as the displacement of traditional markets, unequal access for small-scale farmers, and the environmental impact of modern retail systems. Conversely, it highlights opportunities for economic development, including job creation, improved food safety standards, and integration of local producers into formal supply chains. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers to ensure that the supermarket phenomenon contributes equitably and sustainably to the region’s development.