Protected cultivation, encompassing various methods such as greenhouses, polyhouses, and shade nets, has emerged as a transformative approach for achieving sustainable rural development. This literature explores the multifaceted benefits of protected cultivation, highlighting its potential to enhance rural economies, improve environmental sustainability, and foster social well-being. By examining case studies and empirical evidence, the literature delves into the economic advantages for farmers, including increased yields, higher quality produce, and enhanced income stability. Environmental benefits such as resource efficiency, reduced pesticide usage, and climate resilience are also analyzed. Furthermore, the social impact on rural communities, including gender inclusion, community engagement, and skill development, is discussed. The literature reviews existing policies and institutional frameworks that support protected cultivation and identifies technological innovations driving the sector forward. Challenges and barriers to widespread adoption are critically examined, with recommendations for effective implementation strategies.